Is Blockchain the Future of Art? Four Experts Weigh In
From verification tools for provenance and authenticity to new approaches to art collecting and even new art forms, blockchain’s impact on the art world is already undeniable. During this year’s Art Basel Conversations in Basel, journalist Tim Schneider sat down with Simon Denny (artist), Robert Norton (founder and CEO at Verisart), and Kelani Nichole (founder of TRANSFER and director at The Current) to discuss the practical and creative outcomes – as well as the potential – of this nascent technology.
Blockchain can make the marketplace safer
One of the art market’s greatest challenges for works where the artist is no longer alive is to verify its authenticity and provenance. In a 2014 report, The Fine Arts Expert Institute (FAEI) in Geneva stated that over 50% of the artworks it had examined were either forged or not attributed to the correct artist. Blockchain could change this. As a public, decentralized list of records that are linked and secured using cryptography, blockchain’s key feature is its fragmented nature. Hosted by millions of computers simultaneously, no centralized version of the information exists for a hacker to access or corrupt. Thus blockchain is currently believed to be the most secure way to transfer digital data. ‘When it comes to selling artworks, two things are important,’ Verisart CEO Robert Norton said. ‘Is the artwork real, and do I have the authority to sell it to you?’ Blockchain’s capacity to track and verify authenticity through timestamps on transactions and cryptographic signatures can solve that problem.
New art, new collectors
Blockchain has become part of artists’ practice, both as subject and medium. There is a nascent blockchain art movement from bitcoin graffiti art to artworks such as The Last Bitcoin Supper by French artist Youl, which sold for nearly USD 3,000 on eBay in 2014. The likes of Simon Denny have examined blockchain and cryptocurrency as a subject for years. Other examples include Plantoids – blockchain-based robotic plants which interact with people who donate via Bitcoin and Ethereum – and CryptoKitties, a virtual game that allows players to purchase, collect, breed, and sell various types of virtual cats. During this year’s Codex Art Auction, exclusive editions were auctioned for up to USD 140,000, attracting a new class of collectors – one which is perhaps less attracted to more conventional forms of art.
The case of CryptoKitties shows that these people don’t want to buy traditional art,' said Norton. What they’re buying is a new form of digital collectible.’ Despite the apparent hunger for gamified art forms, however, the question of how it relates to traditional artistic practice remains. While CryptoKitties arguably share some attributes with the unlimited Pop Art-influenced editions of Takashi Murakami, from a traditional art market perspective, there is still some way to go before these new forms will be accepted by the gallery system and more culturally-minded art collectors.
Is it just all about money?
If blockchain’s value in terms authentication and value preservation appears indubitable, the commodity-driven approach it has brought to the forth remains problematic. ‘So much of the interest in art and blockchain seems to be coming from people who, as far as I can tell, aren’t that interested in art’, artist Simon Denny said. ‘They are really just interested in the idea of finding another way to make money.’ This was also underlined by exhibition maker Kelani Nichole, who addressed the issue of the artworld turning into an increasingly tech- and asset-driven field. She detected a tendency within the artworld ‘to look at another industry and then try to apply a technology solution from that industry to art.’ Here, art’s cultural value tends to get lost. ‘When you buy an artwork, you’re not clicking to buy the piece, you’re falling in love with it. This is a different kind of transaction, it’s based on relationships.’
The artworld is in the early stages of applying blockchain. Both Simon Denny and Robert Norton referred to the report Art Market 2.0 – Blockchain and the Financialization in Visual Arts, which notes how the current status of blockchain in the artworld is similar to the internet in 1993. Will blockchain ultimately benefit art in the broader sense? The jury is still out.
Anneli Botz is a writer based in Berlin.